Drug Control

We Must Do Better About Drugs As we know, all countries in the world prohibited hard drug, but it means that we are safe and far from drugs? Definitely not! Drug eliminated from aboveboard; still lived under the night. Prescription drug abuse is the Nation’s fastest-growing drug problem; smuggling of drug can never disappear (2011 National Drug Control Strategy 4). By the way, women’s involvement in drug trafficking in recent years has expanded dramatically (Campbell 233). Spreading of Drug decreases a nation’s physical quality, psychological condition, and life expectancy.Because no country could afford those integral losses bring from pressure of public medical benefit, no one open hard drugs. Drug is the demon, which come in from crack of door, continue his villainy that should be bar out. We cannot wait to raise awareness of drug control; we cannot wait to improve our tactics; we cannot wait to arrest more loss happen. Executions of prohibitions, living examp les of suffering, and confirmed side-effects warn us must focus on the issue. Prohibition in worldwide was actually helped. Making a general survey of our history, people have experienced full of wound bring by drug abuse.In 1840, opium was used by British government as weapon to raise the certain of invasion in China. The plentiful opium destroyed Chinese army, caused factory deficit of labors, and induced a mass of sliver outflow. The nightmare had drop away already. Today, smuggling of drug are still rampant. The grim axiom defining today's Afghanistan, 85 percent of whose citizens are farmers, farmers who cultivate fields of poppies, is that its economy relies on two dueling revenue streams (Draper 58). At May 2, 2011, United States Government Accountability Office acted Office of National Drug Control Policy.The document focused on three areas where substantial short-term progress can make a significant different in people’s lives—prescription drug abuse, drugged driving, and prevention. The document points out that whether struggling with an addiction, worrying about a loved one’s substance abuse, or being a victim of drug related crime, millions of people in this country live with the devastating consequences of illicit drug use. Overall the economic impact of illicit drug use on American society totaled more than $ 193 billion in 2007, the ost recent year for which data are available. Drug-induced deaths now outnumber gunshot deaths in America, and in 17 states and Washington, D. C. , they now exceed motor vehicle crashes as the leading cause of injury death. In addition, 1 in every 10 cased of HIV diagnosed in 2007 was transmitted via injection drug use, and drug use itself fosters risky behavior contributing to the spread of infectious diseases nationwide. Furthermore, studies of children in foster care find that two-thirds to three-quarters of cases involve parental substances than high-achieving students.Finally, Americans with drug or alcohol use disorder spend more days in the hospital and require more expensive care than they would absent such disorder. This contributes to almost $ 32 billion in medical costs per year—a burden that our communities, employers, and small business cannot afford to bear. This document planed to achieve two goals in 2015. The first one is curtail illicit drug consumption in America; the second one is that improve the public health and public safety of the American people by reducing the consequences of drug abuse. 2011 National Drug Control Strategy 1) Still nowadays, some individual continues the tragedy about drug abuse. Bad trip is generic name of symptoms after taking hallucinogen. They start small and can snowball into anxiety, fear, paranoia, and paralysis. People experiencing a bad trip may appear withdrawn and silent or visibly upset, scared or wild. They may curl up into fetal position. Sufferer may feels like his is going insane, or losing control or dying. And he may get caught in circular thoughts, like a hall of mirrors.The anxiety may trigger breathlessness or even a full-blown panic attack (Lawrence 28). K3 is a kind of hallucinogen, which just is ban in Kansas for only one month. Before its ban, so many people experienced bad trip from it. After the poor nice feeling, billowy terrible emotions will come. Some people may black out when they driving or do something, the disruption would cause accident. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, roughly one in eight weekend, nighttime drivers tested positive for illicit drug. Wu et al. 358) In 2009, drivers who were killed in motor vehicle crashes (and subsequently tested and had results reported), one in three tested positive for drugs. One in eight high school seniors self-report that in the last 2 weeks they drove a car after using marijuana( Lu et al. 111). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) claimed that more than 27,000 people died from drug overdose death in 2007. Drug is the Dementor, a kind of monster in Hurry Potter, which living relys on people’ blessedness and soul.Apiate caused low physical quality, dysendororisiasis and anaphrodisia; ice and other amphetamine would lead to over exciting, which likely cause violence crime, also make permanent physical injury to brain; taking heroin may live in 20 years, however, taking ice must get mad in five years; also, marijuana increase lung cancer rate; LSD, Lysergids may caused schizophrenia (Jafari 373). According to a survey of Addiction Treatment Centre in Yunnan China, rate of drug relapse closes to one hundred percent (Zhu et al. 641).Drug and alcohol use affects health outcomes, job opportunities, family life, military preparedness, and academic outcome. It is necessary for us to raise awareness against any kinds of drugs. Also government should improve job market to ensure the livelihood of poor people, thus they did not have to plant or charge drug for money, expressly in some barren regions. At the same time, strong policy is important for drug control. Prescriptive drug use should be limited and customers have to register their name and information. Severe punitive measures will be effective, and powerful immigration control will be helpful.Government and school have responsibility to let students know how bad drug is. Milton Friedman, Noble Prize in Economic Science owner in 1976, had claimed that â€Å"Reason with the potential addict, yes. Tell him the consequences, yes. Pray for and with him, yes. But I believe that we have no right to use force, directly or indirectly, to prevent a fellow man from committing suicide, let alone from drinking alcohol or taking drugs. † (Thompson 546) He believed that we seem decided to make the same mistake as Alcohol ban in early 1920. Is that true?The right way to reduce suffering drug brings to us is making drug legal? Practice is the sole criterion for testing truth. Spreading of D rug decreases a nation’s physical quality, psychological condition, and life expectancy. Because no country could afford those integral losses bring from pressure of public medical benefit, no one open hard drugs. It’s not true that drug control leads to high price of it; it’s not true that drug control cause poor quality drug which more harmful to physical; it’s not true that drug control convenient people â€Å"plant† charge of concealing drug to others.This monster breaks up happiness family, rein people’ life which should have bright light, destroy a nation doomed eternally. That’s drug’s truth. People need control themselves away from drug, human also do. Prohibition of drug is an effective way. Some people consider that drug control already start an end of drug age. The fact is that although sun was here, the dark still remain in nook. Human became stronger because of our reason and automatic control. However, drug could broke our magic clear brain, let us mad or decadence and lose our brave emotions and logical.As we cannot sure to control us from nerve disturb, far away from drug is the most sensible choice. Before we try it, we can choose take it or not, however, after taking, reason and knowledge and intelligence forfeit their power to stop calamity happening. So, just take care! ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Hypophora. This sentence asks a question that will be answered immediately after. [ 2 ]. Antithesis. Expresses opposite concepts to highlight emphasis on the topic. [ 3 ]. Parallelism. The state of being parallel or of corresponding in some way. [ 4 ].Metaphor. The sentence in order to show that the two things have same qualities. [ 5 ]. Anaphora. The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses. [ 6 ]. Parallelism. The state of being parallel or of corresponding in som e way. [ 7 ]. Parallelism. The state of being parallel or of corresponding in some way. [ 8 ]. Oxymoron. Apparently contradictiory terms appear in conjunction. [ 9 ]. Metaphor. The sentence in order to show that the two things have same qualities. [ 10 ]. Parallelism. The state of being parallel or of corresponding in some way. 11 ]. Hypophora. This sentence asks a question that will be answered immediately after. [ 12 ]. Parallelism. The state of being parallel or of corresponding in some way. [ 13 ]. Anaphora. The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses. [ 14 ]. Parallelism. The state of being parallel or of corresponding in some way. Metaphor. [ 15 ]. Oxymoron. Apparently contradictiory terms appear in conjunction. [ 16 ]. Metaphor. The sentence in order to show that the two things have same qualities. [ 17 ]. Analogy. Comparision between one thing and another.

National Health Care Spending Essay

Introduction Health care in the United States is provided by many distinct organizations. Accordingly, the US Census Bureau (2010) reported that health care facilities are largely owned and operated by private sector businesses. While sixty-two percent of hospitals are non-profit, 20% are government owned, and 18% are for-profit. Furthermore, 60–65% of healthcare provision and spending comes from programs such as Medicare, Medicaid, TRICARE, the Children’s Health Insurance Program, and the Veterans Health Administration. Most of the population under 67 is either insured by themselves or a family member’s employer, buy health insurance on their own, and the remainder are uninsured. Health insurance for public sector employees is primarily provided by the government. Still, the United States has a life expectancy of 78.4 years at birth, up from 75.2 years in 1990, and is ranked 50th among 221 nations, and 27th out of the 34 industrialized countries, down from 20th in 1990. Of 17 high-income countries studied by the National Institutes of Health in 2013, the United States had the highest or near-highest prevalence of infant mortality, heart and lung disease, sexually transmitted infections, adolescent pregnancies, injuries, homicides, and disability. Together, such issues place the U.S. at the bottom of the list for life expectancy. On average, a U.S. male can be expected to live almost four fewer years than those in the top-ranked country (NIH, 2013). Thesis Statement As dismal as the statistics are, in recent years, policy makers as well as leading economists have focused a considerable amount of attention on  aggregate spending increases in health care and how health care spending impacts the United States economy. Thereby, specific emphasis has been given to identifying and examining distinctive factors that have contributed to spending growth, and proposing solutions for reduction. Seemingly, factors that have contributed to spending growth encompass changes in health care utilization, population demographics, price inflation, and advances in medical technology. Thus, as more and more advanced scientific technology is developed the costs associated with providing quality health care increases. With that said, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), the United States spent more on health care per capita ($8,608), and more on health care as percentage of its GDP (17.2%), than any other nation in 2011. Yet, the United States ranked last in the quality of health care among similar countries, and notes United States care costs the most. Similarly, in a 2013 Bloomberg ranking of nations with the most efficient health care systems, the United States ranks 46th among the 48 countries included in the study. The U.S. Census Bureau reported that 49.9 million residents, 16.3% of the population, were uninsured in 2010 (up from 49.0 million residents, 16.1% of the population, in 2009). In addition, a 2004 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report said: â€Å"The United States is among the few industrialized nations in the world that does not guarantee access to health care for its population.† Further, â€Å"with the exception of Mexico, Turkey, and the United States, all of the other countries had achieved universal or near-universal (at least 98.4% insured) coverage of their populations by 1990;† and recent evidence demonstrates that lack of health insurance causes some 45,000 to 48,000 unnecessary deaths every year in the United States. In 2007, 62.1% of filers for bankruptcies claimed high medical expenses, and 25% of all senior citizens declare bankruptcy due to medical expenses, and 43% are forced to mortgage or sell their primary residence. On March 23, 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) became law, providing for major changes in health insurance. The medical system has been forced to change normal procedures to meet federal regulations. The law includes a large number of health-related provisions  to take effect over the next four years, including expanding Medicaid eligibility for people making up to 133% of FPL, subsidizing insurance premiums for peoples making up to 400% of FPL ($88,000 for family of 4) so their maximum â€Å"out-of-pocket† pay will be from 2% to 9.8% of income for annual premium, providing incentives for businesses to provide health care benefits, prohibiting denial of coverage and denial of claims based on pre-existing conditions, establishing health insurance exchanges, prohibiting insurers from establishing annual spending caps and support for medical research. The costs of these provisions are offset by a variety of taxes, fees, and cost-saving measures, such as new Medicare taxes for high-income brackets, taxes on indoor tanning, cuts to the Medicare Advantage program in favor of traditional Medicare, and fees on medical devices and pharmaceutical companies; there is also a tax penalty for citizens who do not obtain health insurance (unless they are exempt due to low income or other reasons). The Congressional Budget Office estimates that the net effect (including the reconciliation act) will be a reduction in the federal deficit by $143 billion over the first decade. Conclusion In conclusion, in contrast to the argument that rising health care spending at the Federal and State level decreases economic growth, and employee health care costs decreases job growth, a reasonable argument, could also be made that rising health care spending has important benefits, often outweighing the increased costs. I submit that improvements in quality may produce a cause and effect whereby, the cost of medical care is decreased. Subsequently, increased health care spending improves increases in access to new technologies, providing both new options of treatment and treatment for a greater number of individuals; which provides for healthier employees. Moreover, health care spending growth is more likely to create health care jobs, increases wages for health care workers, expands local tax revenues, and increases demand for related goods and services. We, as Americans, profess to be the richest, strongest, and greatest country, yet we stand by and watch homeless citizens sleeping on the streets, children going to bed at night hungry, and citizens dying because they lack health insurance. The Affordable Care Act is a good start, however we must keep legislators who oppose the bill from chipping away at it. Health care should be a human  right, not a privilege. For example, in May 2011, the state of Vermont became the first state to pass legislation establishing a Single-Payer health care system. The legislation, known as Act 48, establishes health care in the state as a â€Å"human right† and lays the responsibility on the state to provide a health care system which best meets the needs of the citizens of Vermont. The state is currently in the studying phase of how best to implement this system. Of the 26.2 million foreign immigrants living in the US in 1998, 62.9% were non-U.S. citizens. In 1997, 34.3% of non-U.S. citizens living in America did not have health insurance coverage as opposed to the 14.2% of native-born Americans who do not have health insurance coverage. Among those immigrants who became citizens, 18.5% were uninsured, as opposed to noncitizens, who are 43.6% uninsured. In each age and income group, immigrants are less likely to have health insurance. With the recent healthcare changes, many legal immigrants with various immigration statuses now are able to qualify for affordable health insurance. We need to push for more. The cost for individuals that use emergency rooms as port of entry to medical care far exceeds obtaining a primary care provider. References Institute of Medicine (2004). Retrieved from http://.www.institutesofmedicine, May 09, 2014. National Institute of Health (2013). Retrieved from http://.www.nationalinstituteofhealth, May 10, 2014. U. S. Census Bureau (2010). Retrieved from http://.www.uscensusbureau, May 10, 2014. World Health Organization (2014). Retrieved from http://.www.worldhealthorganization, May 10, 2014. www.healthcare.gov (2014). Retrieved from http://.www.healthcare.gov. May 10, 2014

Computing Footprints Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Computing Footprints - Essay Example One of the articles had the main punch line that three sectors of economy viz., housing, transport, and food together account for 50% of household spending on the average, and at the same time account for 70-75% of climate change and often other impacts. The rest of the paper is more on the methodology side, essentially supporting this finding. This finding is valid for different countries, different cities, and even different continents. Further, it is also valid across different methodologies and in particular across the two methodologies of LCA, viz., input and output base study, which is also called the ‘top-down’ approach and process life cycle inventory database study, termed the ‘bottom-up’ approach. While both methodologies are for life cycle assessment, the top-down study is more popular. Emphasizing the differences between top down and bottom up studies, Prof. Norris explained that the top-down approach uses input and output data based on consumption. Within the input and output data base study, we compare purchasing categories. The top-down study is based on uniform data source, uniform coverage, and approach, while the bottom-up study has to combine data from different studies and methodologies.     

Employee Privacy Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Employee Privacy Report - Essay Example Then again, this is a significant undertaking that takes place within an organization and my workplace has definitive rules and policies which need to be followed at all times. The e-mail usage is such that employees use it to converse with one another within the workplace. It is used for transferring files to one another, and to make sure that the employees remain in constant touch. It is also employed to set up meeting timings and to apprise the staff at large regarding the changes happening within the workplace settings. The Internet usage is mostly for gaining some news that is available through different news websites, newspapers and other similar ones so that the employees know exactly what is going on throughout the world. Also they are allowed to make use of search engines like Yahoo!, Google and others to find queries which they have from time to time. The privacy policy therefore covers the different aspects which surround the employee usage of the e-mail premise and the In ternet. The current laws regulating employee e-mail and Internet privacy surround the basis of understanding that the employees involve themselves within work and abstain from personal assignments and undertakings. However, there is no hard and fast rule that disallows them from checking their personal e-mail and browsing on social networking websites. But then again they have been told clearly through the policy that governs the technological use that they must conduct their own selves in a very direct way and be loyal to the company’s resources at all times. Their demeanor should be such that they abstain from indulging too much in social networking domains yet reveal their social side in a quantifiable manner as well. There are definitive notions attached with how e-mail usage is allowed on the part of the employees and how Internet privacy must be told to all and sundry within the business enterprise. The laws are very much present within the organization and their promul gation is being manifested by the relevant people who are sitting within the workplace entities. Regulating employee e-mail is an important element of understanding how liberal the laws are and what can be achieved from these laws in essence. This regulation is all the more fundamental because employees can waste time when they are at work and indulge in acts which are unbecoming of them in the long run. This asks for the proper incorporation of the regulations and the privacy policy which exists at the workplace so that employees give in their best, time and time again. The companies implement e-mail and Internet use policies because they feel they need to keep a check on their employees on a regular basis. Also these companies require of their employees to give in their best on a consistent basis and this can only take place once they know that the e-mail and Internet usage are in affordable proportions. Since social media and Internet usage is increasing on a daily basis, it is o nly fundamental to think of devising policies which restrict the excessive use of the e-mail and the Internet. This is the reason why many companies have adopted such mechanisms so that there are minimal issues at hand and managing the e-mail and Internet usage is under controllable realms. However, there still are cases where employees go over the top and indulge in acts which are forbidden within the business enterprise. This is the time when correct e-mail and Inter

Human resources system for employee self-self of royal mail Essay

Human resources system for employee self-self of royal mail - Essay Example It offers several services through these subsidiaries, which include parcel delivery system, postal mail services, general logistic system, and general services related to post (Russell, 2005 p45). Royal Mail focuses on delivering letters and packages to all part of the world. Currently, this company has 14,300 post office branches and 113,000 post boxes throughout the UK, which collect packages, letters and parcels from over 87,000 individuals and businesses. These commodities are collected through a diverse collection and transportation network that includes 33,000 bicycles and 30,000 vehicles (Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons Committee: Trade and Industry, 2006 p23). This paper provides strengths and weaknesses (internal analysis) of Royal Mail’s human resource management system for employees, and recommendation that should be adopted to improve its human resource management system and employees’ performances and efficiencies. Strengths The highly skilled and hard working employees, who are regularly motivated by the financial resources and efficient management, form the key strengths of Royal Mail. The company’s employees are offered improved new range of training and assured performance related pays (Plunkett, 2009 p76). Some of the Royal Mail’s employees are regarded as the company’s valuable assets. ... esource management system, and they include: the present contracts were renewed, and new standardized contracts were awarded to the employees; the newly introduced techniques and machinery help the employees achieve a world class standard performance, the newly revised Pension scheme plans were going to be directed to those employees in the Royal Mail pension plan (Russell, 2005 p58); the new plan for early retirement and temporary redundancy were going to be implemented with an immediate effect, and the minimum wages and working hours were also revised. The Royal Mail’s human resource management also puts employees’ safety in the forefront of the priority list. In order to motivate its staff members, this company has improved its working condition, stress relief exercise, self appraisal process, first aid facilities, and changes employees’ job duties over some time. The HRM has also included increments and promotions into the new plan. The Royal Mail has also de veloped a new method of dealing with the Trade Union. The trade union has been given a vital position in the company’s management activities. The union has also been requested to help employees to conform to the Organizational rules and regulations, and achieve sustainable competitive advantage (Chancery House, 2008 p26). An effective system of communication between the HRM and the trade union was also developed. Weaknesses There have been frequent complaints from customers regarding missing parcels and letters in some Royal Mail’s retail outlets. Careful investigation revealed that some of the company’s staff members have been involved in a series of mail theft over the past few years (Brooks, 2003 p118). This has reduced the Royal Mails reputation and prestige before it esteemed customers. This

The benefits of nuclear energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The benefits of nuclear energy - Essay Example Bruno Comby considers that nuclear energy to replace the other energy sources especially fossil fuels including coal, natural gas and petroleum and in this way serve as a clean, safe, efficient and reliable energy source, whilst ensuring the conservation of the environment. Comby mentions that there are several renewable energy sources which are being tried out nowadays including wind, solar and tidal energy, but the same cannot be used to meet the mass requirements and with the global environment crisis may not be efficient to lower the carbon dioxide levels and control pollution. He considers that there would be no other alternatives but the use of nuclear technology. He also considers that the opposition to the use of nuclear technology for power generation would be the biggest mistake of human civilisation. Currently more than 85% of the world power is generated from fossil fuels. This releases huge amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants. He feels that countries like Indi a and China which account for one-third of the earth’s pollution should take up a strategy to use nuclear fuel immediately and conserve the environment by prevention of using fossil fuels. Using wind power requires a several areas to be deforested and the use of bio fuel would have place additional pressure on the agricultural sector to produce yield for fuel. Comby also addressed the problem of nuclear accidents that have occurred in the USA (Three Mile Island 1979) and the Chernobyl incident in 1986 (USSR). He felt that though the Three Mile Island incident was hyped, it was a good example of how to prevent a nuclear disaster. On the other hand, regarding Chernobyl he felt that the same was avoidable if proper precautions had been taken by the Russian authorities. In all, he feels that in spite of the 2 major and a few minor incidents, there have been very few incidents with the use of nuclear energy for

Leisure and Recreational Areas in Suzhou Case Study

Leisure and Recreational Areas in Suzhou - Case Study Example China and Singapore then decided to forge a partnership in developing a modern industrial park east of Suzhou, China. In 1994, the China-Singapore Suzhou Industrial Park was born right after then Chinese Vice Premier Li Lanqing and Singapore Senior Minister Lee Kuan Yew signed the Agreement on the Joint Development of Suzhou Industrial Park in Shanghai. Adding to its beautiful landscape and surroundings, the Suzhou Industrial Park is better than the other leisure and recreational areas because it targets capital-intensive, technology-intensive and flagship projects. According to Xiaohui & Yucai (2005), said that Suzhou as a place is "ancient and beautiful." Supposedly, it has a rich history of culture going back to 2,500 years ago. Residents of the said land loved their customs and traditions but were at the same time open to new ideas and practices that could further improve their land's condition and the people's living. The old urban are of Suzhou is now referred to as the "old Suzhou" while the Suzhou Industrial Park (SIP) to be the "modern Suzhou." The modern land is 280 square kilometers in area, 70 of which is dedicated to the China-Singapore cooperation park. Since it has set itself to be an internationally competitive high technology industrial park and an outward-looking urban district, it is the city's center of the new and high-tech industry development. Industries like electronic information, bio-pharmaceuticals, precision machinery, and new materials have been at the core of such industry development plans. Moreover, it has showed great progress in developing service industries like logistics, education, conventions, and exhibitions. Another profitable focus of the urban district is the leisure business. Xiaohui & Yucai (2005) said that according to incomplete statistics, the leisure business projects in the park involve an investment of more than 10 billion Yuan or about $1.2 billion. More importantly, SIP has made full use of the attraction of wonderful surroundings for their visitors and customers. It has been focused on urban function facilities, environment and residential building development. In its leisure field, projects like the Golden Rooster Lake's eight major scenic spots, a sports park, Baitang park, sports fields, and the Red Maple Forest; Commercial projects like the neighborhood centre, F-City Commercial Centre, cultural water-corridor, commercial walking street, Lianfeng Shopping Centre, and Golden Rooster Lake Hotel. It's also a good thing that the SIP does not stop reinventing itself or inventing something new in order to cope with the changing times. In the same article, Xiaohui & Yucai (2005) said the park has actually started the construction of 10 major commercial facilities. What's more, facilities in the said park are not only fun to look at but also fun

Work-Life Balance Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Work-Life Balance - Research Paper Example Given the fact that we live in a world today that has fierce competitiveness as one of its main features, there remains no ambiguity in the ultimate work responsibilities one is rendered to fulfill along with fulfilling the family demands. Maintaining work-life balance is an issue which is hotly debated since the level of competitiveness has spiraled up with a blinding speed and many strategies have been presented by expert sociologists over the past many years for educating the novice people as to how they can stop all kinds of new and tiring problems from cropping up nearly everyday. Work and family relationships are more than often found at odds and highly conflicting which is why the reason I have chosen sharing the horrendous pressures I face everyday, personal sacrifices I make everyday to fulfill my family requirements, and the steps I take to frantically try to maintain a decent balance between my work and family. Considering the phenomenally engaging studies I have to contin ue in an order to establish a successful professional career, meeting up with the expectations of my wife and son presents a challenge fraught with difficulties and sacrifices. Struggling with competing family demands, especially when one has to spend countless hours in studying intricate subjects, raises a phenomenally tedious and grueling life situation which I have tried to picture in this paper. I happen to live in Canada with my wife and son and while I am doing my diploma from The Northern Alberta Institute of Technology (NAIT), my wife studies at University of Alberta. This is understandable that things take on a real different turn when not one but both partners have their own issues to deal with in life and not one of them has full time to spare for home and children. While both me and my wife are struggling really hard to complete our studies so that a better life standard could be established, I do not feel compelled to lie about the harsh realities of life and how many c ritically important things related to family are left at stake as hard battle for a secure future continues with seemingly no end to it. The battle for securing the basic necessities of life in Canada where earning significantly commendable feats at workplace is not an easy job is not fought by me alone, but my wife also has to deal with an extremely hectic study module due to which both of us are left with quite little time that we can share with each other and with our son. Had it been a situation where I already would have been working as a successful employee in some notable firm and earning respectable amount of money, I could have induced my wife to give up her busy schedule and devote her time to our son so that the incidence of gruel problems and fear of a broken family could be propelled down. But, considering the reality that not one of us are at the current time even at the beginning stage of our professional careers since we are in the process of making our way to that b eginning that grows over time to encompass a professional achievement, the looming prospect of a broken family seems quite hard to evade at times. This is also because of the factor that I find myriad examples of broken families around me nearly every single day of my life and the reason which lays the foundation for such tragic breakups could be more than often narrowed down to unavailability of time which happens to be a killing poison for even the type of couples who share phenomenal understanding. Considering my situation, I cannot rate my work and family according to the level of importance I allot each, rather both work and family are central to my life and finding a reasonable balance between the two is an issue I have gone through over and over again in my

Architect Antonio Gaudi Essay Example for Free

Architect Antonio Gaudi Essay The work of Antonio Gaudi can be seen as visionary. Ahead of his time in many respects, it becomes clear when viewing his work that he influenced many of the great revolutionary artists of the early 21st century. The significance of his life-works as an artist and particularly as an architect reveals extraordinary contributions to the thought processes of the ‘Modernists’. Looking at some two of his architectural pieces, we can discover an entirely new meaning to architecture altogether. Antonio Gaudi displays many of the fantasy elements indicative of the Surrealist movement, although his work was categorised as Art Nouveau. His progression from Art Nouveau to near-Surrealist work can be seen in comparing the reasonably modest Palau Guell (1886-1890) to Casa Battlo (1906-1908). Palau Guell is a grand scale expression of extravagance which still has many of the attributes of Classicism. It is beautiful and decadent with every aspect of glamour and frivolity related to the Art Nouveau period. Gaudi, I feel has restrained his imagination in the sense that he has not indulged in the same fantasy world we see in his later works. The Palau Guell is almost a modern incantation of the ancient Greek and Roman Colloseums. Casa Battlo represents a rather unusual perspective of the artistic movement itself. The Casa Battlo in its design resembles more of a candy-castle than a functional building. The exterior of the building is scattered with ceramic designs that Gaudi had plastered into the facade. At face value this gives the viewer a sense of the ‘other world’, a place where children go in their dreams. This was in fact, in my opinion, the beginning of the Surrealist manifesto. Completely out of keeping with the original idea of architecture, Gaudi creates a building that not only performs a function but contributes to the aesthetic value of the surroundings into which it is placed. The roof of the Casa Battlo is covered in what appears to be scales, almost aquatic in its construction, but at the same time not intrusive. At this stage it is difficult to ascertain in ones own mind whether you like it or hate it. The balconies extending from the large bay-windows are also intricately carved and resemble to a degree, alien-like heads with large gaping eyes. The vision of Art Nouveau as outrageously decorative, embellished and facetious is clearly visible in this particular piece of Gaudi’s work. The exploration of the fantasy world gives it an uncanny feel of something out of the fairytale Hansel and Gretel and can make you fell uneasy. In the strict sense of the word ‘influence’, I can be certain that I see the predecessor to the Surrealist movement in Gaudi’s work. The idea of dreams rather than reality begins to emerge in his later work which is passionately infused with richly decorative mosaics and other ceramic artefacts. If one takes into account the impression Art Nouveau wanted to make, I think Gaudi surpassed it with the kind of architectural eloquence worthy of being called a ‘visionary’. Art Nouveau’s mantra of snubbing Classical rigidity was flouted by Gaudi and his contemporaries and led to the influence of architectural movements such as Bauhaus and sculptural artistic endeavours such as Tatlin, Dali and Leger. The previous attempts at breaking from traditional art as explored by the Impressionists served to fuel a more fertile mind in terms of the architecture of Gaudi. In Gaudi’s work we see the expression of the mind in tactile form. Looking at the features built around Guell Park, evidences of the movement into the exploration of colour in architecture is also visible. The water fountains are embellished with mosaic fish and other aquatic-like creatures that by some people’s standards would be described as ‘kitsch’. However, for me this fantasy world does exactly what it was intended to do: create a feeling of euphoria and joy. It is not functional beyond the aesthetic. Gaudi is ahead of his time.

Analysis and Review of Andrew Niccols Film Gattaca Essay Example for Free

Analysis and Review of Andrew Niccols Film Gattaca Essay Man has already landed on the moon, and Sputnik has enabled research on other solar planets. Lives have become healthier, longer, with modern hygiene, sanitation, medicine, and surgery, conquering more physical and mental illnesses by the month. Science has also presented a means of cloning and genetically modifying organisms and food, and shows little to slow it’s pace of evolution. I belonged to a new underclass, no longer determined by social status or the color of your skin. No, we now have discrimination down to a science. Vincent Gattaca, directed by Andrew Niccol, gives a perspective of what the future of discrimination is to evolve into: no longer determined by skin color, gender, or social status, but scientific DNA. The civilization portrayed is a discriminatory one, in which status and quality of lifestyle is determined solely by a DNA profile. Children are created by DNA manipulation to produce an impeccable genetic composition, with parents able to buy whatever traits are deemed fanciable for their child. The movie hypothesizes this as a potential practice in the not too distant future, as one where technology’s influence in everyday life is at peak. True or False? It is impossible for our society to become like the one in the movie, ‘Gattaca’, because we don’t have the technology or the capacity to discriminate that way. This essay will argue false, that it is possible that our society is able to become that of Gattaca (sterile, genetically enhanced, and derogatory) although it’s morality is questionable in regards to pros and cons, due to various reasons such as the development of genetic engineering and IVF babies, as well as examples of genetic discrimination in the past presented. * * Recently scientists have made rapid advances in our knowledge of the human genome, as well as our abilities to modify genes. Nowadays, society is able to determine the gender of their child, just like that of Gattaca. An example of an advanced reproductive technique endorsed by society is the InVitro Fertilization (IVF), in which eggs are fertilized with sperm in test tubes to allow parents to reduce the chance of gen etic disorder in the child – with the world’s first IVF child Louise Brown turning 30 this Friday 25th. Parents are now able to choose the type of sperm that will fertilize an egg, which determines the gender and genes of the baby, and allow Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) to screen embryos for potential disease. â€Å"We might see a move towards artificial chromosomes and genetic cassettes that can be inserted at the embryonic stage to correct particular diseases, including Huntington’s†, wrote Prof. Trounsen in the scientific journal nature. One day we may be able to choose cosmetic or desirable characteristics and cure genetic diseases, just like we can modify embryos and undergo surgery to change eye color successfully today. * * Make the child perfect in the test tube, and save money in the future, is a testimonial presented in Gattaca. The current technology of society is quite competent, especially in regards to future development. In essence, genetic engineering may be defined as the manipulation or alteration of the genetic structure of a cell or organis m in medical, industrial, and agricultural fields. It has enabled the successful cloning of Dolly (1996 – 2003) the sheep by Ian Wilmut using a cell from a mammary gland, which is a revolutionary example of the windows opened due to genetic engineering; a hint at what the future could bring. In fact, the successful cloning of many animals (including CC the kitten, Idaho the colt, and Snuppy the dog) will most certainly one day evolve into human gene manipulation at birth; due to this the foundation of Gattaca as humans artificially perfected is theoretically possible. * * * The main character, Vincent (Ethan Hawke) is discriminated against due to his ‘in-valid’ genetic makeup; he doesn’t have a chance in the society of Gattaca because potential employees were not tested for skills or knowledge, rather, their physical and mental possibilities. This form of discrimination refers to treatment or consideration based on genetic status or category, rather than individual merit, and occurs when employers/insurance companies treat people differently because they have a gene ‘mutation’. Many examples in the past depicting this theory include a 1995 survey of people with a known genetic condition in family history found that 22% quoted being denied health insurance due to genetic status, regardless of whether they were already sick. Another case of genetic discrimination is Terri Seargent’s, who, having Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, was abruptly fired after her employer received a bill for preventive treatment, despite having consistently referred to her job performance as exemplary. Furthermore, if society didn’t have the capability to discriminate genetically, the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (2008) would need not be introduced. To the question of lacking the capacity to discriminate this way, it is justifiable to conclude that society is capable of such derogatory action. * * In conclusion, the genetically modified world presented in Gattaca is possible due to competent and developing technology in the fields of genetic engineering. Scientific advances like the IVF baby and successful cloning techniques have huge implications for future human reproductive technology: genetic diseases such as Huntington’s could be corrected using artificial chromosomes, and the production of replacement organs from a person’s cells made a reality. In addition, we are also capable of genetic discrimination, as is consistent with Gattacan society.

Fitness Levels In Circuit Training Physical Education Essay

Fitness Levels In Circuit Training Physical Education Essay The chosen activity for this assignment is circuit training.Circuit training improves general fitness which is health-related and specific fitness,for a specific activity; here circuit training.In pursuing such activity I may improve both my strength and cardiovascular fitness.Circuit training is essentially structured exercise.Aerobic fitness,strength and flexibility are all improved pursuing circuit training.Incorporated into such an exercise structure are fixed weights/machine stations which isolate specific muscle groups.A complete exercise set is achieved within a given period of time,usually 20 minutes.An uninterrupted flow of activity from machine to machine may enable proper gain of aerobic benefit.The heart is pumping at a steady high level. Every gym session will consist of a warm-up with mobility exercises;ending with the cool-down.Each exercise station exercises a different muscle group from the last.The whole session should last one hour.(Pollock et al.,1998) Circuit training should not occur on consecutive days,two or three visits to the gym per week being sufficient.Selection of correct weights,repetitions and positions is necessary to minimise occurrence of injury and to achieve desired fitness objectives. Aerobic endurance is exercised by completing a circuit as quickly as possible.Significant gains may occur for strength,muscular endurance and flexibility.Physical fitness consists of components.These are aerobic endurance,strength,speed,flexibility,muscular endurance,power and agility.Training programmes may be customized to improve on a selection of these.The most important aspects applicable to circuit training are aerobic endurance;muscular endurance,and flexibility. When the body performs for a prolonged period of time with a low work rate aerobic endurance comes to the fore;such a training will condition the heart and lungs to function more efficiently.Choosing a work-out on the rowing machine for some 20 minutes as an example;this cardiovascular ergometer is very effective in establishing a proper base of muscular endurance that initiates improvement in other components of fitness. Muscular endurance is a function of aerobic endurance without whose supply of oxygen it could not rapidly perform.It is defined as a single muscle or group performing recurrently against variable resistance.For example dumbbell(DB) lunges or shoulder press with a barbell(BB).Body resistance circuit training that includes both free and fixed weights is well suited to improve muscular endurance. Usually overlooked is flexibility,the range of motion(ROM) at a joint or series of joints.This component however is vital in the prevention of inadvertent injury.It is sufficient to perform the warm up including mobility exercises(developing a full range of movement[ROM]) and cool down stretches;all being required for a main session of gym activity. My gym circuit therefore is comprised of a warm-up lasting 5 minutes on a suitable cardiovascular machine eg the treadmill, that simulates a walking gait exercise aerobically.This is followed by the set of mobility exercises(not stretches) to loosen my joints and produce more synovial fluid;gently and rhythmically exercising.This is still aerobic.There follows a set of stretches to prepare the main muscle groups of the body for an imminent main activity session.These too are aerobic;not as intense yet steady,controlled,positioned for some ten seconds. The main cardiovascular machine chosen for a full work-out of at least twenty minutes is the rowing machine,which exercises all main muscle groups with the heart as target muscle. A customized programme working the rower will produce an aerobic curve with a rising and falling RPE[rate of perceived exertion 0-10 on the Borg Scale](Gunnar Borg(1973) validated by(Kang et al.2003)also (Steed,Gaesser,and Weltman 1994) Aerobic contribution is present in the Cool down using a different cardiovascular machine followed by stretches including some that are developmental;included to improve flexibility in the bigger muscles eg the hamstrings(ACSM,2006) As I want to improve my strength and endurance it is important that I obtain profile data from the apparatus and exercises outlined above so that I can clearly see whether I am making any improvements from when I began. The Principles of Training should be applicable to every exercise and sporting category.Individuals and teams then have specific objectives and goals to aim for in their training schedules.Else, all would be blindfolded resulting in overtraining,burn out and poor performance results. Demands on the body higher than the norm comprise what is known as Overload that in turn has related factors of intensity(how hard);duration(how long);type(sport/activity);frequency(how often). Frequency is self-explanatory,often resulting in a higher level of performance. As workload steps up so does intensity.Heavier weights,longer stretches.Such results take time.Overload may be achieved with a higher number of repetitions or performing the same with reduced time-spans. The body is a natural adapter to overloading,so training should be progressive to prompt a response.When this occurs improvement is tangible especially at the beginning.As sets increase muscle strength and endurance increase. It is important not to be too slow in progression. Biceps curls for example.If working with 10 lb weights taking it to 3-4 sets at 15 reps before muscle fatigue is experienced then it is better to do 2 sets of 15 lb weights. Specificity of a chosen,pursued activity needs to be understood.What am I training for? This is very important and relevant for strength training.Exercise has to be specific for each muscle group and strength type required.Balance has also to be included and therefore other exercises of a general nature such as the squat provide an excellent base for development of specific exercise. A training programme must cater/customize to the special, specific requirements of the participant.(Sharkey and Greatzer 1993).Working with dumbbells and the barbell,that is the free weights will improve muscular strength but will not significantly effect transport of oxygen to the muscles.Many sports have similar components of fitness and therefore it is quite feasible for transference of specifics from one to another. The opposite of Progression is Reversibility.Training and performance when falling off will signal to the body for an appropriate response.Aerobic capacity diminishes rapidly with no exercise(Coyle,Hemmert,and Coggan 1986) also (Saltin et al.,1968) Muscular endurance with muscles no longer used falls away three times more rapidly than when gained.Performance of skills may be affected through physical deterioration(Greenleaf et al.1976) A number of training methods exist designed for the different fitness components.Circuit training may be viewed as interval training containing high-intensity anaerobic periods with weights and low-intensity aerobic periods of recovery.This training method is able to improve specific areas of the body for muscular endurance.A circuit improves both aerobic fitness and strength thereby providing for much needed conditioning.Aerobic training also involves continuous/steady state training(McArdle et al.,2006)Other methods consist of interval(McArdie et al.,2006) and fartlek training.Flexibility training incorporates both passive and active,static stretching;dynamic and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation(PNF) stretching. Suitable to my requirements is a muscular endurance circuit.This will enable me to withstand fatigue,hold to a given position,and to perform repeated muscular contractions for a given period of time.Selection of appropriate exercises needs a central focus of balanced muscle groups.Improvement of cardiovascular exercise and muscular endurance exercise may be achieved by alternating them within a circuit programme.The back squat for instance utilises many muscle groups,that work simultaneously.A main cardiovascular work-out,for example, requires at least 20 minutes on the rower, being correctly positioned within the circuit.The remaining floor-based stretches are performed at the end of the gym session.This saves the heart rate from decreasing too much. Progression and overload are important to consider when a circuit training programme is being planned. The principle of overload indicates your body systems must be stressed beyond their normal levels of activity if they are to improve.(Williams 1993:18).Progression can be maintained simply by increasing the number of repetitions per exercise; reducing the recovery period(secs) between each set of exercises;increasing the resistance of the exercises by weight . Stimulation is applied using the principles of overload and progression during circuit training so that adaptation may occur. Overload is delivered by adjusting one or more of the FITT principles.Frequency(how often);Intensity(how hard);Time(how long);Type(suiting sport/activity). Principles are usually installed in most matters and physical activity is no exception. The principles of training are the rules to follow when using physical activity programmes.Sound and useful training takes into consideration all of the principles and their effects on the body;being essential to the planning of the training programme so that the participant is able to improve their fitness level. Fitness levels vary from person to person so the training needs be systematic taking into account individual needs ; variables of difficulty or intensity are set at the personal level. An example from the free weights exercises for progression/adaptation is the Biceps Curl with barbell(BB).Apart from applying a progressively greater weight performance may be effected through different ranges of motion i.e. halfway up and down.All the way up and halfway down;up again and all the way down;all the way up and down.An example of an adaptation for a fixed weight machine is substituting the seated row for the lateral pull down.Again the seated cable row may be substituted by the single arm row with a dumbbell(DB).Or the Triceps pull down (cable) by selection of a Triceps extension with butterfly grip(DB). It may be necessary to increase aerobic fitness and if so, use of one of the cardio-vascular machines is ideal. A most satisfactory work-out can be experienced with the rowing machine that works all major muscle groups with the heart as the target muscle,enabling safe non-impact exercise safe-guarding joint integrity,and if worked with the correct technique even for those with problems in the lower back can still be safe. If aerobic fitness needs to be increased interval training is very effective when inserted into circuit training.Intervals of very rapid rowing(RPE 8) are followed by recovery periods(RPE 5) [ see Appendix] The term can refer to any cardiovascular workout;for example,rowing,involving very short stints of nearly optimum effort and periods of much lower intensity.The aerobic capacity of the participant improves and enables an extended period of delivery at variable intensity.Fat loss is more efficiently dealt with. With no correction or improvement reversibility occurs.Having ceased training the body loses its conditioning and strength and also endurance.This is relevant to myself as I am pursuing a cardiovascular, strength and endurance programme.A study has been made of cessation of physical activity;in this case an Olympic rower.It was 20 weeks before he was able to resume his activity following an eight week convalescence. The detraining and retraining of an elite rower:a case study.J Sci Med Sport 2005;8;3:314-320. It is recommended there should be no more than three weeks interval since last specific activity. A state of complete fitness involvesthemental,emotional,nutritional,social and medical,not only the physical. How we enjoy life;attention towards any diet at all;how we deal with stress;our emotional world;communicative ability;requirements for relaxation and also of course physical fitness.Circuit training is one of a number of ways to improve components towards a state of complete fitness. Word count 1,732 References: Pollock,M.L.,Gaesser,G.A.,Butcher,J.D.,Despres,J.P.,Dishman,R.K.,Franklin,B.A.and Ewing Garber,C.(1998) ACSM position stand:The recommended quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness,and flexibility in healthy adults,Medicine Science in Sport Exercise,vol.30,pp.975-91 Borg,G. 1973.Perceived exertion:A note on history and methods.Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 5:90-93 Kang,J.,J.Hoffman,H.Walker,E.Chaloupka,and A.Utter.2003.Regulating intensity using perceived exertion during extended exercise periods.European Journal of Applied Physiology 89:475-482 Steed,J.,G.Gaesser,and A.Weltman.1994.Rating of perceived exertion and blood lactate concentration during submaximal running.Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 26:797-803 American College of Sports Medicine(2006) ACSMs Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription(7th edn0,London,Lippincott,Williams Wilkins Sharkey,B.J.,and D.Greatzer.1993.Specificity of exercise,training and testing.In ACSMs resource manual for guidelines for exercise testing and prescription,ed.L.Durstine,A.King,P.Painter,and J.Roitman,82-92.Philadelphia:Lea Febiger Coyle,E.,M.Hemmert,and A.Coggan.1986.Effects of detraining on cardiovascular responses to exercise:Role of blood volume.Journal of Applied Physiology 60:95-99 Saltin,B.,G.Blomqvist,J.H.Mitchell,R.L.Johnson Jr.,K.Wildenthal,and C.B.Chapman.1968.Response to exercise after bed rest and after training.Circulation 38(Suppl.7):1-78 Greenleaf,J.E.,C.J.Greenleaf,D.VanDerveer,and K.J.Dorchak.1976.Adaptation to prolonged bedrest in man:A compendium of research.Washington,DC:National Aeronautics and Space Administration McArdle,W.D.,Katch,F.I. and Katch,V.L.(2006) Essentials of Exercise Physiology (3rd edn),London,McGraw-Hill Williams Melvin H.(1993) Lifetime Fitness Wellness(3rd edn) Brown Benchmartin: Iona The detraining and retraining of an elite rower:a case study, J Sci Med Sport 2005;8;3:314-320 Training Principles[online],Available from:http://www.brianmac.co.uk/trnprin.htm(Accessed 6th March 2011) Fitness Circuit Training[online],Available from http://ezinearticles.com/?Fitness-Circuit-Trainingid=2577578(Accessed 9th March 2011) Aerobic exercise[online],Available from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerobic_exercise(Accessed 7th March 2011) Anaerobic exercise[online],Available from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaerobic_exercise(Accessed 7th March 2011) Fitness training[online],Available from http://www.pponline.co.uk/encyc/fitness-training-how-to-design-a -sports-specific-fitn(Accessed 5th March 2011) Aerobic versus Anaerobic[online],Available from http://doctorsexercise.com/journal/aerobic.htm(Accessed 7th March 2011) Anaerobic Exercise vs.Aerobic Exercise Exercise Tips[online],Available from http://www.empowerment-centre.com/Exercise-Tips(Accessed 7th March 2011) Exercise Prescription:eMedicine Sports Medicine[online],Available from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/88648-overview(Accessed 15th January 2011) The Cardiovascular System and Exercise[online],Available from http://www.sport-fitness-advisor.com/cardiovascular-system-and-exercise.html)(Accessed 15th January 2011) Aerobic Interval Training-Learn About Aerobic Interval Training[online],Available from http://exercise.about.com/od/intervaltrainingworkouts/a/Interval-Training_2.htm(A ccessed 9th March 2011) Fundamentals of resistance training:progression and exercise prescription.[online],Available from http://www.mendeley.com/research/fundamentals-of-resistance-training-progression-and-exercise-prescription/(Accessed 8th March 2011) Exercise-Exercise Program-Exercise Prescription[online],Available from http://sportsmedicine.about.com/od/fitnessevalandassessment/a/ExPrescription.htm(Accessed 8th March 2011) Beginner Cardio-This 20-Minute Basic Cardio Workout is Perfect for Beginners[online],Available from http://exercise.about.com/library/blbasiccardio2.htm(Accessed 9th March 2011)

KPMG Three Little Pigs Inc. Solution :: Business, Finance, case study, solution

KPMG Three Little Pigs Inc. Solution Several factors including increased supply have caused declining prices for live hogs on the spot market. Also as shown below, futures prices will remain below the carrying cost for live hogs until nearly the end of the fiscal year. However, processed pork products such as bacon, loins, and ham remain above the current cost of production. Three Little Pigs Inc. is capable of processing hogs into these products internally at some locations. Unfortunately, not all hogs can be transported and processed at the main processing plants and must be sold as live hogs to third parties at spot market prices. There are four potential alternatives for dealing with the possible need to impair the value of Three Little Pigs Inc.'s inventories. Alternative 1: Continue to carry all inventories at cost basis. ARB28, Par.14c ?Such temporary market declines need not be recognized at the interim date since no loss is expected.? EITF, 86-13 Discussion option 28 requires inventory be written to lower of cost or market unless (1) substantial evidence exists that market prices will recover before the inventory is sold?Write down is generally required unless the decline is due to seasonal pricing fluctuation.? ARB43, Ch.4, Par.9 ?Where evidence indicates that cost will be recovered with an approximately normal profit upon sale in the ordinary course of business, no loss should be recognized...? If it can be determined that the depressed prices for lean hogs are only temporary, inventories could and should be kept at cost basis. In this case, adjusting prices to match current market prices would not be necessary. Future prices indicate a recovery before the end of the fiscal year. Futures prices will surpass cost in February and remain above cost for the remainder of the fiscal year. The future prices support claims that the price fluctuations are only temporary in nature, and do not reflect a permanent downward shift in hog prices. Since inventories once impaired cannot be marked up to reflect changes in market conditions, this strategy could be beneficial to the company later on. In this case inventory would not be shown on the books at an unfairly low value. Alternative 2: Mark down all live hog inventories AICPA Audit Procedures for Agricultural Producers Pt.1 Ch5.02 ?Growing crops and developing animals to be held for sale should be valued at the lower of cost or market.? ARB43, Ch.4 Par.8 ?A departure from the cost basis of pricing the inventory is required when the utility of the goods is no longer as great as its cost.

Colonialism Essay -- essays research papers

European overseas expansion evolved from sixteenth-century colonialism driven by mercantilism to nineteenth-century nationalistic imperialism. Both had different forces compelling them; thus different countries—although most the same—participated in each phenomenon with unique, but largely similar goals. These two forces that overtook the world are comparable as they both have the same objectives; however, mercantilism compelled colonialism while nationalism drove imperialism. Colonialism Beginning in the sixteenth century and lasting until the early seventeenth century, several European countries colonialized by formally exerting the control of their political entity over another political entity in a different geographical location. Spain, Portugal, England, France, and Holland were the primary â€Å"exerters of control,† while the Americas and its neighboring islands, along with small colonies in Africa and Asia, were the â€Å"exerted upon.† The main force compelling these expansions was the doctrine of mercantilism. Three different systems of colonialism played themselves out in different locations. Plantations were assembled when the climate was favorable and the workforce was available; factories were set up when extractable resources were to be obtained without a foreign conquest; and settlement colonies appeared where the Europeans favored the environment and felt unintimidated by natives. Basically, these strong countries dominated weaker ones to promote their own national s...

Human Genome Essay

Human cloning involves the creation of a copy of a human cell or tissue that is genetically identical. The major types of human cloning include reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning (National Human Genome Research Institute, 2009). Therapeutic cloning involves the use of cells from an adult to be used in medicine while reproductive cloning involves making cloned human beings. Cloning has been done on both animals and plants. When done on plants it has been used to raise genetically modified crops. Gene therapy can occur in two forms somatic gene therapy and germline gene therapy. Somatic gene therapy involves removing cells from the patient and adding cloned genes to cells using a viral vector. The cells are amplified and those that have taken up the cloned gene are taken up. The transformed cells are then taken back into the patient (see figure 1). Some of the problems associated with this procedure include transgene integration and immune response killing the viral vector which may be marked as an intruder by the body’s immune system. The procedure has been used in many clinical trials, mainly for treating cancer. The Adeno associated virus is commonly used in this case as it does not cause an immune response, it has the ability to enter non-dividing cells and it integrates into a particular location in the genome of its host (National Human Genome Research Institute, 2009). Germline gene therapy is different from somatic therapy in that the newly introduced gene is incorporated into all of the cells in the animal’s body. This includes the germline that gives rise to gametes. The change that has occurred in the process is passed on to the next generation. To produce a transgenic animal, the embryo stem cells could be modified which is done by isolating stem cells and culturing them, adding DNA to cultured cells and selecting the transformed cells (National Human Genome Research Institute, 2009). Once selected, the transformed cells are injected into an early embryo and the embryo is implanted into the female. This produces mosaics in which some cells have different genotypes. Heterozygotes are mated to produce homozygous individuals which are in turn mated to produce a transgenic strain (National Human Genome Research Institute, 2009). A transgenic animal could also be produced by direct DNA injection where the transgene is injected directly into the male pronucleus before the male and female have fused (National Human Genome Research Institute, 2009). The injected DNA integrates into a chromosome and the injected zygote is then implanted into a foster mother (see figure 2). In the figure the baby mouse has the transgene in every cell in its body. Its expression depends on where the chromosome is integrated. Nowadays, however it is possible to have targeted gene insertion in some cases. Some of the medical applications of transgenic animals and plants include the production of model systems for the study of human disease for example where a certain gene product is lacking or where a certain gene has been over expressed or where there is a gene variant. An example of this the use of transplanted human stem cells by NIH scientists to improve the repair of bone injuries in rats (Guldberg, 2010). Standardization of such a treatment it offers a possible alternative to bone grafting operations. One of the successes of stem cell transplants has been seen in the successful attempts of new hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) in reversing sickle cell anemia in children (Rodgers et al, 2009). Other applications include the production of medically important proteins, the production of vaccines and production of tissues and organs for transplantation. Transgenic plants are also used to improve crops. In spite of these advantages, the issue of cloning still remains controversial.

Border Security

Security our border is essential to securing the homeland. The country faces a different set of challenges with non-Mexicans who are caught crossing the border illegally. Mexican illegal immigrants are initially detained when they are apprehended. The problem is that the detention facilities do not have enough room for accommodation. As a result, about four of every five non-Mexican illegal immigrants that are caught are released in society and asked to return for a court date. When the date arrives, about 75 percent of those released do not show up at the court.In 2004, only 30,000 of the 160,000 non-Mexicans were sent home for being caught coming across the southwest. (http://www. whitehouse. gov/news/releases/2005/11/20051128-7. html) The practice of catch and release had been the government’s policy for decades. It was an unwise policy and the government has plans to end it. To help end catch and release, there is need to increase the capacity in the detention facilities. The president signed a legislation supported by members of the Arizona delegation in 2005 to increase the number of beds in detention facilities.One of the most effective tools the government has in this effort is a process called expedited removal. Under expedited removal, non-Mexicans are detailed and placed into streamlined proceedings. It allows the government to deport them at an average of 32 days, almost three times faster than usual. In other words, the government is cutting through bureaucracy. The program was so successful that the defense secretary expanded it al up and down the border. (http://www. whitehouse. gov/news/releases/2005/11/20051128-7. html)Since 2001, the government has hired 1900 new Border patrol agents. The agents are being helped by deployment of technologies. Technology helps an individual have broader reach and more effectiveness. When agents can take advantage of cutting edge equipment like overhead surveillance drones and infrared cameras, they can d o a better job for everyone. In Tucson agents on the ground are directing unmanned aerial technology in the sky, and they are acting rapidly on illegal immigration or illegal activities they may see from the drones.Since these unmanned flights began, agents have intercepted a lot of drugs on the border that otherwise and people that otherwise have made it through. (http://www. whitehouse. gov/news/releases/2005/11/20051128-7. html) US spending on military and police aid to Mexico has more than tripled to $57. 8 million with the hope that it will help protect America’s southern flank. The draw down of National Guard troops along the US-Mexican border should be stopped or alternative border security improvements provided because of problems with a high-tech â€Å"virtual fence† project.â€Å"Project 28† project, a 28-mile array of radars and surveillance cameras near sasabo, indicate that broad implementation of a â€Å"virtual fence† along the nationâ€⠄¢s southern border won’t happen soon. Project 28 is part of a national plan to secure the US Mexico border with physical barriers and high-tech detention capabilities. (Carl B, 2007) Curbing illegal immigration and security the nearly 2,000 mile, (3,200-kilometer) south western border are hot topics in this US election year. Washington has pledged to complete 67 miles (1,070 kilometers) of new barriers by the close of 2008, despite resistance from landowners and environmentalists.Based on along standing relationship of cooperation and mutual assistance, US customs and Border Protection (CBP) and the General Customs Administration of Mexico (GCAM) have begun the implementation of those action items designed to guarantee the secure and efficient flow of trade between the two nations. (Carl B, 2007) For purposes of developing and implementing initiative identified in the US/Mexico Border Partnership Plan, CBP and GCAM have created special working groups: the Border working Grou p, the Enforcement Working Group and the Technology and Customs Procedures Working Group.These groups have been working on a broad range of initiatives namely; 1. Extending and harmonizing the service hours in coordination with the trade communities, at the entry ports located at the common border. 2. Ensuring the Advanced Passenger Information System in Mexico is implemented. This will help collect and share data concerning air passengers arriving to and departing from United States and Mexico. 3. Deploying gamma ray machines at our railroad crossings. 4. Exchanging core data on every transaction occurring through the common border in an electronic environment.5. testing and implementing new technologies for instance electronic seals 6. Fraudulent trade investigations should be conducted jointly. This has led to significant seizures of undervalued and illegally transshipped goods. 7. Devolving systems to monitor in-transit shipments through our territories. 8. Seizing illegal cash transported by air passengers. (http://www. dhs. gov/xnews/releases/press_release_0137. shtm. ) The Mexican border fence that was approved by President Bush in October 2006 is now complete, but accolades for the project are few and far between.The secure fence Act, which was touted by Republicans as a major border security initiative in the weeks leading up to the 2006, mid-term elections is now viewed by many as a fiasco of the first order. The fence is only two and a half feet high and people argue that it cannot stop illegal immigrants. The Mexican border fence as completed is a roughly 30 inch high barrier built primarily of wooden stakes and chicken wire. Chicken wire could not be provided for the entire length of the fence due to budget constraints.These portions therefore consist only of wooden fence posts driven into the ground roughly every twelve feet with small-hand written in between bearing the words â€Å"security fence). (Carl B, 2007) Governor Janet Napolitano on We dnesday March 08 ordered more National Guardsmen posted at the Mexican border to help stop illegal immigrants and curb related crimes. National Guard troops have worked at the border since 1988, but Napolitano signed and order authorizing commanders to station an unspecified number of additional soldiers there to help federal agents.Once the funding is approved, the troops will monitor crossing points, assist with cargo inspection and operate surveillance cameras, according to the order. About 170 national Guardsmen are already posted at the nation’s busiest illegal entry point, where they assist with communications, fence construction and antidrug efforts. (Carl B, 2007) For the last four years, the crisis at the southern border has not improved. Today, approximately the same number of illegal crossings occurs on the southern border as occurred four years ago.That averages about 5,000 illegal crossing per day and approximately 5 million illegal crossings. In a post 9/11 worl d this is unacceptable. (http://www. lenmunsil. com/BorderMunsil. pdf. ) The government should immediately deploy the Arizona National Guard and assign it the mission of security Arizona’s southern border working cooperatively with US Border Patrol and ongoing operation Jump start. The Governor is authorized under A. R. S Sec-26-172 to â€Å"mobilize all or any part† of the National Guard when the Governor proclaims an emergency or â€Å"deems it necessary to protect lives or property.It should also seek funding to create the â€Å"Arizona Border Patrol† as a division of the Department of Public Safety-Law enforcement will play a significant role in safeguarding Arizona from ongoing effects of illegal immigration. (http://www. lenmunsil. com/BorderMunsil. pdf. ) It should also seek funding to deploy radar technology to the entire length of Arizona’s southern border, complementing current Border Patrol efforts and covering those areas that are currently u nprotected.Additional resources should also be provided to law enforcement, the courts and all necessary components for the criminal justice system to process illegal aliens quickly and move them out of the state system. (http://www. lenmunsil. com/BorderMunsil. pdf. ) Reference: Carl Braun. 2007. Above all Else. The Minute man Struggle to Secure America’s Borders. http://www. whitehouse. gov/news/releases/2005/11/20051128-7. html. Retrieved on13th March 2008 http://www. dhs. gov/xnews/releases/press_release_0137. shtm. Retrieved on 13th March 2008 http://www. lenmunsil. com/BorderMunsil. pdf. Retrieved on 13th March 2008.

College Uneducation Essay

I wish to speak on â€Å"College Uneducation.† Is it possible that our college educationmay â€Å"uneducate† rather than educate? I answer â€Å"Yes.† It is a paradox but nonetheless the truth—the grim, unmerciful truth. We all believe in higher education; else we should not be in the University. At the same time, college education—like all other human devices for human betterment—may build or destroy, lead, or mislead. My ten years’ humble service in the University of the Philippines has afforded me an opportunity to watch the current of ideals and practices of our student body. In some aspects of higher education, most of our students have measured up to their high responsibilities. But in other features—alas, vital ones!—the thoughts and actions of many of them tend to stunt the mind, dry up the heart, and quench the soul. These students are being uneducated in college. I shall briefly discussthree ways in which many of our students are getting college uneducation, for which they pay tuition fees and make unnumbered sacrifices. Book Worship In the first place, there is the all but delirious worship of the printed page. â€Å"What does the book say?† is, by all odds, the most important question in the student’s mind whenever he is faced with any problem calling for his own reasoning. By the same token, may students feel a sort of frenzy for facts till these become as huge as the mountains and the mind is crushed under them. Those students think of nothing but how to accumulate data; hence, their capacity for clear and powerful thinking is paralyzed. How pathetic to hear them argue and discuss! Because they lack the native vitality of unhampered reason, their discourse smacks of cant and sophistry rather than of healthy reasoning and straight thinking. It is thus that many of our students surrender their individuality to the textbook and lose their birthright—which is to think for themselves. And when they attempt to form their own judgment, they become pedantic. Unless a student develops the habit of independent and sound reasoning, his college education is a solemn sham. Compare these hair-splitting college students with Juan de la Cruz in the barrios. Now, Juan de la Cruz has read very little: no undigested mass of learning dulls the edge of his inborn logic, his mind is free from the overwhelming, stultifying weight of unassimilated book knowledge. How penetrating his perception, how unerring his judgment, how solid his common sense! He contemptuously refers to the learned sophists, thus: †Lumabis ang karunungan mo,† which means, â€Å"Your learning is too much.† Professional Philistinism The second manner of college uneducation that I want to speak of is this: most students make professional efficiency the be-all and end-all of college education. They have set their hearts upon becoming highly trained lawyers, doctors, engineers, teachers, and agriculturists. I shall not stop to inquire into the question of how much blame should be laid at the door of the faculties of the University for this pernicious drift toward undue and excessive specialization. That such a tendency exists is undeniable, but we never pause to count, the cost! We are all of one mind: I believe that college education is nothing unless it widens a man’s vision, broadens his sympathies, and leads him to higher thinking and deep feeling. Yet how can we expect a; this result from a state of affairs which reduces a law student to a code, a prospective doctor to a prescription, and a would-be engineer to a mathematical formula? How many students in our professional colleges are doing any systemat ic reading in literature? May we not, indeed, seriously ask whether this fetish of specialization does not smother the inspiring sense of beauty and the ennobling love of finer things that our students have it in them to unfold into full-blown magnificence. The Jading Dullness of Modern Life â€Å"A thing of beauty is a joy forever,†Ã¢â‚¬ says Keats. But we know that beauty us a matter of taste; and, unless we develop in us a proper appreciation of what is beautiful and sublime, everything around us is tedious and commonplace. We rise early and go out into, but our spirit is responsive to the hopeful quietude and the dew-chastened sweetness of dawn. At night we behold the myriad stars, but they are just so many bright specks—their soft fires do not soothe our troubled hearts, and we do not experience that awesome, soul stirring fascination of theimmense ties of God’s universe. We are bathed in the silver sheen of the moon and yet feel not the beatitude of the moment. We gaze upon a vista of high mountains, but their silent strength has no appeal for us. We read some undying verses; still, their vibrant cadence does not thrill us, and their transcendent though is to us like a vision that vanishes. We look at a masterpiece of the chisel with its eternal gracefulness of lines and properties, yet to us it is no more than a mere human likeness. Tell me, is such a life worth coming to college for? Yet, my friends, the overspecialization which many students pursue with zeal and devotion is bound to result in such an unfeeling, dry-as-dust existence. I may say in passing that the education of the older generation is in this respect far superior to ours. Our older countrymen say, with reason, that the new education does not lawfully cultivate the heart as the old education did. Misguided Zeal Lastly, this selfsame rage for highly specialized training, with a view to distinguished professional success, beclouds our vision of the broader perspectives of life. Our philosophy of life is in danger of becoming narrow and mean because we are habituated to think almost wholly in terms of material wellbeing. Of course we must be practical. We cannot adequately answer this tremendous question unless we thoughtfully develop a proper sense of values and thus learn to separate the dross from the gold, the chaff from the grain of life. The time to do this task is not after but before college graduation; for, when all is said and done, the sum and substance of higher education is the individualformulation of what life is for, with special training in some advanced line of human learning in order that such a life formula may be executed with the utmost effectiveness. But how can we lay down the terms of our philosophy of life if every one of our thoughts is absorbed by the daily assignment, the outside reading, and the laboratory experiment, and when we continuously devour lectures and notes? â€Å"Uneducated† Juan de la Cruz as Teacher Here, again, many of our students should sit at the feet of meagrely educated Juan de la Cruz and learn wisdom. Ah! He is often called ignorant, but he is the wisest of the wise, for he has unravelled the mysteries of life. His is the happiness of the man who knows the whys of human existence. Unassuming Juan de la Cruz cherishes no â€Å"Vaulting ambition which o’erleaps itself.† His simple and hardy virtues put to shame the studied and complex rules of conduct of highly educated men and women. In adversity, his stoicism is beyond encomium. His love of home, so guilelessly faithful, is the firm foundation of our social structure. And his patriotism has been tested and found true. Can our students learn from Juan de la Cruz, or does their college education unfit them to become his pupils? In conclusion, I shall say that I have observed among many of our students certain alarming signs of college uneducation, and some of these are: (1) lack of independent judgment as well as love of pedantry, because of the worship of the printed page and the feverish accumulation of undigested data; (2) the deadening of the delicate sense of the beautiful and the sublime, on account of overspecialization; and (3) neglect of the formulation of a sound philosophy of life as a result of excessive emphasis on professional training.

Example of Perfect Competition in the Philippines

MARKET STRUCTURES IN THE PHILIPPINES â€Å"A term paper submitted as a partial fulfillment of the requirements in Microeconomics† Submitted by : Jake Kevin P Borja BSBM – IIB Submitted to: Ms. Azelle Agdon Date of submision : October 10, 2012 I. Introduction Any study of economics has to begin with an understanding of the basic market structure of the country. An economy is made up of producers of goods and services, of traders who make these goods and services available in the market, of consumers who buy the goods and services and so on. Philippine is an industrialized country wherein there is a lot of establishments and firms inside it. A of lot competitions here like retail trade, including restaurants, clothing stores, convenience stores, gasoline stations and etc. We all have the freedom to enter a new business firm, we just need the extensive knowledge of prices and technology. The real world is widely populated by competitors whereas half of the economy’s total production comes from competitive firms. A market structure is characterized by a large number of small firms but not identical products sold by all firms. These are the four basic market structure in the Philippines, Pure competition, monopoly, oligopoly and cartel. Competitors have typically small firms, absolute and relative and capital requirements are low. Competitive industries is relatively easy but we have to know the market structure where we will establish our own business because if not  nothing prevents an competitor from holding a going out of business sale and shutting down. II. Pure Competition The market consists of buyers and sellers trading in a uniform commodity such as wheat, copper or financial securities. No single buyer or seller has much effect on the going market price. A seller cannot change more than the going price, because buyer can obtain as much as they need at the going price. In a purely competitive market, marketing research, product development, pricing, advertising and sales promotion play little or no role. Thus, sellers in these markets do not spend much time on marketing strategy. A market said to be purely competitive if :1. There is a large number of buyers and sellers of the commodity each too small affect the prices of the commodity.2. The output of all firms in the market are homogenous. Example: The product of any seller is considered as exactly alike in all respects to the product of any other seller and :3. There is perfect mobility of resources. Example: There is freedom of entry into and exit in the industry. Perfect competition : To the far left of the market structure continuum is perfect competition, characterized by a large number of relatively small competitors, each with no market control. Perfect competition is an idealized market structure that provides a benchmark efficiency.Example of Pure Competition : Wheat Farm – There are great number of similar farms; the product is standardized; there is no control over price; there is no nonprice competition. However, entry is difficult because of the cost of acquiring land and from present proprietor. Ofcourse, government programs to assist agriculture complicate the purity of this example. III. Monopoly A market with a sole supplier of good and services or resources for which there is no close subtitute. In addition, there is barriers to entry of new firms. In economics, an industry with a single firm that produce a product, for which there are no close substitutes and in which significant barriers to entry prevent other firms from entering the industry to compete for profit is called Pure Monopoly. One firm ; unique product ; with no close substitutes ; much control over price ; price maker ; entry is blocked ; mostly public relation advertising. * There is Market Power * Single Seller * One product ( Limited or no group substitutes ) * Barriers to entry The Meralco Electric Company is a perfect example of Monopoly in the Philippines. The only supplier of electricity in our country Birth of Meralco in 1903. Meralco started its electric service to Manila by taking over operation of La Electricista's system. However, Meralco built its own steam generating plant on Isla Provisora near the Ayala Bridge which powered the streetcar system and eventually also the electric service. Getting Started, 1903-1905 On April 10, 1905, Meralco's street railway system was formally inaugurated. By year-end, the completed system consisted of about 40 miles (63 km.) of track crossing the business section of Manila and beyond. It passed the busy streets of Binondo, Escolta, San Nicolas, Tondo, Caloocan, Malabon, Quiapo, Sampaloc, Santa Mesa, San Miguel, and other strategic parts of Manila. Constituting for a long time the largest single investment of private capital of any nationality in the Philippines, it reflected a pioneering act of faith in the future of the country Over the years, Meralco's transportation service grew and improved. Bigger and better streetcars with double wheel-trucks and closed sides were added. The Electric Service Within less than a decade from 1905, the annual earnings of Meralco's Electric Department began to surpass those of Transportation. When war broke out in 1941, Meralco's earnings were roughly 80% electric, 10% autobuses and 10% railway. There are two types of Monopoly:Regulated MonopolyNon – regulated MonopolyRegulated Monopoly : The government permits the company to set rates that will yield a â€Å"fair return†. Non – regulated Monopoly : Company is free to price at what market will bear IV. Oligopoly One characterized by small number of firms where quantity sold by any one firm is influenced by its choice in respect of strategic variables ( such as prices, product, design, research and development, advertising and sales location ) and these choices are strongly influenced by other firms in the industry. In economics, the market consist of few sellers who are highly sensitive to each other’s pricing and marketing strategies. There are few sellers because it is difficult for new seller to enter the market. Each seller is alert to competitor’s strategies and move. Few firms ; standardized or differentiated products ; some control over price in a narrow range ; relatively easy entry ; much nonprice competition ; advertising ; trademarks ; brand names. In the middle of the market structure, residing closer to monopoly, is oligopoly, characterized by a small number of relatively large competitors. Each with substantial market control. A substantial number of real world markets fits the characteristics of oligopoly. * Small number of firms * Product differentiation may or may not exist * Barriers to entry Examples : 1. Hometown Supermarkets – Supermarkets are few in number in any one area ; their size makes new entry very difficult, there is non – price competition. However, there is much price competition as they compete for market share and there seems to be no collusion. In this regard, the supermarket acts more like a monopolistic competitor. This may vary by area. 2. Steel Industry – within the domestic production market. Firms are few in number, their products are standardized to some extent ; their size makes new entry very difficult ; there is much nonprice competition ; there is little if any, price competition ; while there may be no collusion, there does seem to be much price leadership. V. Cartel A  cartel  is a group of companies, countries or other entities that agree to work together to influence market  prices by controlling the production and sale of a particular product. Cartels  tend to spring from oligopolistic industries, where a few companies or countries generate the entire supply of a product. This small production base means that each producer must evaluate its rivals' potential reactions to certain business decisions. When oligopolies compete on price, for example, they tend to drive the product's price throughout the entire industry down to the cost of production, thereby lowering profits for all producers in the  oligopoly. These circumstances give oligopolies strong incentive to collude in order to maximize their joint  profit. Members of a cartel generally agree to avoid various competitive practices, especially price reductions. Members also often agree on production quotas to keep supply levels down and prices up. These agreements may be formal or they may consist of simple recognition that competitive behavior would be harmful to the industry. A cartel is formed when a group of independently owned businesses agrees not to compete with each other in areas such as prices, territories, and production. A cartel agreement is considered a collusive agreement in that the different parties agree not to allow market forces to determine their pricing, production, and other business practices. Rather, the members of the cartel agree on such matters as what price to charge, how much to produce, and which markets to serve. * Rice in the Philippines is cartelized. There are seven rice cartels here in the Philippines, all controlled by Filipino-Chinese traders. Cartels use legitimate rice traders cooperatives or farmers cooperatives to get rice importation permits. These permits are then used to procure rice from abroad. What traders do is put aside the whole milled rice with that of the broken. Normally, when we buy a kilo of rice. A kilo of rice differs in prices depending on the composition of whole and broken rice. Normally, its 70-30, meaning 70% whole grains with 30% broken ones. The percentage of broken rice decreases if the trader wants to increase price. So price really depends on how small or how little the percentage of broken rice you have in a kilo. If you buy a kilo of whole grain, that is higher than that of all broken rice. VI . Summary We have seen that there are four basic market structure in the Philippines. Producers are led by the profit motive to produce those goods and services which the consumers want. They try to do this at the minimum possible cost in order to maximize their profits. Moreover, there is a competition among a number of producers, they will each try to keep the price of their product low in order to attract the consumers. The goods produced are made available in the market by traders. They also act in their own self interest. VII. Analysis The Philippines economy is the world’s 43rd largest in the world as of 2012. The Philippines has undergone a transformation from being an agricultural based country to a industrialized country. The economy is now vastly dependent on the services and manufacturing sector. The country has a total labor force of around 38. 1 million. Labour and capital intensive industries can be distinguished in terms of their employment generating potential. A labour intensive industry or method of production, can be considered to be one which generates more employment per unit of investment. VIII. Conclusion Therefore I conclude that the operation of market forces brings out the best results when there is Pure Competition in the economy. Pure competition is a situation where there are a very large number of firms producing the same product, and size of no firms is so large that can exercise dominating influence over market. Under these conditions, the competition between the firms is such that they tend to manufacture their products at a very competitive price and a high level of efficiency and productivity prevails in the market. IX. Recommendation I therefore recommend that the monopoly company in the Philippines to lessen their price cost for the consumer because as we all know that they are only supplier of the electricity in the country. All of the people over the country pay for their business and if they will do that the whole country will benefit on it and it will not affect their firm even if they got 1 peso per consumer because every Filipino purchased their product (Electricity) and one of the most important thing in a business is electricity. And for cartels to be fair in doing their products, arrangements and mergers that limit  competition. Traditionally, when we fail in fixing the economy, and fail to anticipate the rise of this basic staple, sure enough, expect a potential crisis in the streets. And if we do not balance the competition between one another there will be no effect in the growth of the economy of our country. X. References http://www. scribd. com/ http://www. britannica. com. ph/ http://www. investinganswers. com/ http://www. enotes. com/ http://www. newphilrevolution. com/ Economics for managers

At Any One Moment

Had the story been written in a time where a Tsunami had not occurred for many years it would be a lot harder to imagine and put into perspective the enormity of the tragedy occurring in the story. Judy Allen builds on this idea through the specific language and metaphors used to set the scene and further build on the context. â€Å"It rose up like a mountain, either hiding or engulfing the distant boats†. Through using real locations in the text the reader can see and believe the story. The reader’s context is also used to build dramatic tension. As the water is drawn out before the Tsunami approaches the reader is mostly likely aware of what is occurring due to their context compared to Sherif, his brother and the villagers who were obliviouxs to the disaster about to occur. His brother started to laugh- it was all so extraordinary, a trick played by the ocean†. This situation creates dramatic irony and positions the reader to want to warn the characters in the story to get out of the water. Judy Allen builds and plays on the readers context which is most likely that of a busy Western life. Many people in society are always busy and never take time to thin k about other people. â€Å"Even so, most people are aware only of their own small world, and many believe their own small world, and many believe their own small world is all there is†. Through the structure and the omniscient point of view the author positions the reader to imagine all the things happening in the world right now and how every action has a consequence. Allen then takes the reader down to one specific event which could be happening right now. This structure is especially effect because of Western Society’s desensitised view of disaster. The reader relates to a personal story much more than figures on the news. Allen’s use of emotive language and smilies also creates an environment for the reader to personally react to the story. â€Å"He stared as the vast sweep of water was pulled back like a huge bed cover†. This imagery allows the reader to put themselves in the story and use their own personal context to make meaning to â€Å"At Any One Moment†. Through my own personal context I am able to react to the story and feel sympathy for the characters in it. Although I was not personally affected by the Boxing Day Tsunami of 2004 I can still appreciate the pain that Sherif goes through. This prose fiction work put the world into perspective for me and caused me to feel grateful for the things I have in my life. It made me realise how fragile life can be, how people can be alive one minute and dead the next. Through all the tragedy in our wold I had become partially immune to the horrors in our world until I read this personal story. I have a strong sense of family and this caused me to react strongly to Sherif losing his brother and probably his mother. I cannot imagine losing one of my family members and it pained me to see that a whole life can be lost in a matter of seconds you just have to be in the wrong place at the wrong time. Whether it is man-made tragedy or natural disaster we never know what life is going to throw at us and often we cannot stop it. At any one moment on this small planet†¦ †. Through the use of structure, point of view and context Allen encourages the reader feel small and insignificant. By allowing us to imagine all the events and people in the world the reader is positioned to feel as though they are helpless to the world around them and can do nothing to stop it. Through this realisation Allen then inspires us to come together as a global communi ty that can make a difference, we are insignificant on our own but together we are much more powerful.